Article

Enhanced Sonophotocatalytic Degradation of Acid Red 14 Using Fe3O4@SiO2/PAEDTC@MIL-101 (Fe) Based on Metal-Organic Framework

Sulieman Ibraheem Shelash Al-HawaryDepartment of Business Administration, Business School, Al al-Bayt University, P.O. Box 130040, Mafraq 25113, JordanRazzagh RahimpoorDepartment of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan 7433116475, IranAbdolrasoul RahmaniDepartment of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan 7433116475, IranRosario Mireya Romero‐ParraDepartment of Educational Sciences, Universidad Continental, Lima 15304, PeruAndrés Alexis Ramírez‐CoronelHealth and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca 070701, EcuadorFiras Rahi AlhachamiDepartment of Radiology, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Ayen University, Dhi-Qar, Nasiriyah 64001, IraqNezamaddin MengelizadehDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan 7433116475, IranDavoud BalarakDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran

2023en

ABI

Abstract

Here, the magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2/PAEDTC@MIL-101 (Fe) with a new core-shell structure was synthesized, and its sonophotocatalytic properties were evaluated for acid red 14 (AR14) degradation. Particle characterizations were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), and the analysis results offered an excellent synthesis of mesoporous particles. Fe3O4@SiO2/PAEDTC@MIL-101 (Fe)/UV/US showed high degradation kinetics rate (0.0327 min−1) compared to sonocatalytic processes (0.0181 min−1), photocatalytic (0218 min−1), sonolysis (0.008 min−1), and photolysis (0.005 min−1). Maximum removal efficiencies of AR14 (100%) and total organic carbon (69.96%) were obtained at pH of 5, catalyst mass of 0.5 g/L, initial AR14 concentration of 50 mg/L, and ultrasound power of 36 W. Evaluation of BOD5/COD ratio during dye treatment confirmed that the sonophotocatalysis process can be useful for converting major contaminant molecules into biodegradable compounds. After recycling eight times, the prepared composite still has sonophotocatalytic degradation stability above 90% for AR14. Scavenging tests confirmed that holes (h+) and hydroxyl (•OH) were the pivotal agents in the decomposition system. Based on the results, the synthesized sample can be suggested as an excellent and promising sonophotocatalyst for the degradation of AR14 dye and its conversion into biodegradable compounds.

Identifiers

DOI: 10.3390/catal13020411

Citations and references

Cited by 20 references

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