Review article

Emerging role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-derived exosome in neurodegeneration-associated conditions: a groundbreaking cell-free approach

Hadi YariMedical Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, IranM. V. MikhailovaDepartment of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, RussiaMahsa MardasiBiotechnology Department, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G. C, Evin, Tehran, IranMohsen JafarzadehgharehziaaddinTranslational Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Education and Psychology and William James Center for Research (WJCR), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, PortugalSomayeh ShahrokhDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, IranLakshmi ThangaveluDepartment of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IndiaHosein AhmadiDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, IranNavid ShomaliImmunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranYoda YaghoubiSchool of Paramedical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranMajid ZamaniDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, IranMorteza AkbariImmunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. [email protected]‬‬Samira AlesaeidiDepartment of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. [email protected]

2022en

ABI

Abstract

Accumulating proofs signify that pleiotropic effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are not allied to their differentiation competencies but rather are mediated mainly by the releases of soluble paracrine mediators, making them a reasonable therapeutic option to enable damaged tissue repair. Due to their unique immunomodulatory and regenerative attributes, the MSC-derived exosomes hold great potential to treat neurodegeneration-associated neurological diseases. Exosome treatment circumvents drawbacks regarding the direct administration of MSCs, such as tumor formation or reduced infiltration and migration to brain tissue. Noteworthy, MSCs-derived exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and then efficiently deliver their cargo (e.g., protein, miRNAs, lipid, and mRNA) to damaged brain tissue. These biomolecules influence various biological processes (e.g., survival, proliferation, migration, etc.) in neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Various studies have shown that the systemic or local administration of MSCs-derived exosome could lead to the favored outcome in animals with neurodegeneration-associated disease mainly by supporting BBB integrity, eliciting pro-angiogenic effects, attenuating neuroinflammation, and promoting neurogenesis in vivo. In the present review, we will deliver an overview of the therapeutic benefits of MSCs-derived exosome therapy to ameliorate the pathological symptoms of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disease. Also, the underlying mechanism behind these favored effects has been elucidated.

Identifiers

DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03122-5

Citations and references

Cited by 20 references

Metrics — AkademScholar