Harmonized human biomonitoring in European children, teenagers and adults: EU-wide exposure data of 11 chemical substance groups from the HBM4EU Aligned Studies (2014–2021)
Eva GovartsVITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium. Electronic address: [email protected]Liese GillesVITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, BelgiumLaura Rodríguez MartínVITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, BelgiumTiina SantonenFinnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Työterveyslaitos, FinlandPetra ApelGerman Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Dessau-Roßlau, GermanyPaula AlvitoFood and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal; CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, PortugalElena AnastasiCyprus State General Laboratory, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 28648, 2081, Nicosia, CyprusHelle Raun AndersenDepartment of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, DK-5230, Odense M, DenmarkAnna‐Maria AnderssonDepartment of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100, Copenhagen, DenmarkLenka AndrýskováRECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech RepublicJean‐Philippe AntignacOniris, INRAE, LABERCA, Nantes, FranceBrice M. R. AppenzellerLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), LuxembourgFabio BarboneDepartment of Medicine - DAME, University of Udine, Udine, ItalyZohar Barnett‐ItzhakiIsraeli Ministry of Health, Ruppin Research Group in Environmental and Social Sustainability, Ruppin Academic Center, 4025000, IsraelRobert BaroukiUniversité Paris Cité, Inserm T3S, Paris, FranceT. BermanDepartment of Environmental Health, Ministry of Health, IsraelWieneke BilNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, the NetherlandsTeresa BorgesMinistry of Health, Lisbon, PortugalJurgen BuekersVITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, BelgiumAna CañasNational Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra, Majadahonda a Pozuelo km 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda (Madrid), SpainAdrian CovaciUniversity of Antwerp, Toxicological Center, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, BelgiumZsófia CsákóNational Public Health Center, Budapest, HungaryElly Den HondProvincial Institute of Hygiene, Antwerp, BelgiumDarina DvořákováUniversity of Chemistry and Technology (UCT), Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech RepublicLucia FábelováSlovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Limbová 12, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovak RepublicTony FletcherUKHSA UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Science Park, Chilton, OX11 0RQ, United KingdomHanne FrederiksenDepartment of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100, Copenhagen, DenmarkCatherine GabrielEnvironmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th km, Thessaloniki, Thermi Road, 57001, GreeceCatherine GanzlebenEuropean Environment Agency (EEA), Kongens Nytorv 6, 1050, Copenhagen K, DenmarkThomas GöenFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Henkestraße 9-11, 91054, Erlangen, GermanyÞórhallur I. HalldórssonFaculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, IcelandLine Småstuen HaugNorwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Food Safety, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, NorwayMilena HorvatJožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, SloveniaPasi HuuskonenFinnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Työterveyslaitos, FinlandMedea ImbodenSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003, Basel, SwitzerlandMarta Jagodic HudobivnikJožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, SloveniaBeata JanasikNofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), Lodz, PolandNataša Janev HolcerCroatian Institute of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Rijeka, Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Rijeka, CroatiaSpyros KarakitsiosEnvironmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th km, Thessaloniki, Thermi Road, 57001, GreeceAndromachi KatsonouriCyprus State General Laboratory, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 28648, 2081, Nicosia, CyprusJana KlánováRECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech RepublicVenetia KokarakiSchool for Advanced Study (IUSS), Science, Technology and Society Department, Pavia, ItalyTina Kold JensenDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, ItalyJani KoponenFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, FinlandMichelle LaeremansVITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, BelgiumFederica LaguzziUnit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, SwedenRosa LangeGerman Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Dessau-Roßlau, GermanyNora LemkeGerman Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Dessau-Roßlau, GermanySanna LignellSwedish Food Agency, Risk Benefit Assessment Department, Box 622, SE-751 26, Uppsala, SwedenAnna Karin LindroosSwedish Food Agency, Risk Benefit Assessment Department, Box 622, SE-751 26, Uppsala, SwedenJoana Lobo VicenteEuropean Environment Agency (EEA), Kongens Nytorv 6, 1050, Copenhagen K, DenmarkMirjam LuijtenNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, the NetherlandsKonstantinos C. MakrisCyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, 3041, CyprusDarja MazejJožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, SloveniaLisa MelymukRECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech RepublicMatthieu MeslinFrench Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Anses, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, FranceHans MolWageningen Food Safety Research - Part of Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, the NetherlandsParisa MontazeriISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), SpainAline MurawskiGerman Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Dessau-Roßlau, GermanySónia NamoradoDepartment of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, PortugalLars NiemannGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Safety of Pesticides, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, D-10589, Berlin, GermanyStefanie NüblerFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Henkestraße 9-11, 91054, Erlangen, GermanyBaltazar NunesDepartment of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, PortugalKristín ÓlafsdóttirDept. Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, IcelandLubica Palkovicova MurinovaSlovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Limbová 12, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovak RepublicN. PapaioannouEnvironmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th km, Thessaloniki, Thermi Road, 57001, GreeceSusana Pedraza‐DíazNational Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra, Majadahonda a Pozuelo km 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda (Madrid), SpainPavel PilerRECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech RepublicVeronika PlichtaAustrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Department Risk assessment, Spargelfeldstraße 191, 1220, Wien, AustriaMichael PoteserMedical University of Vienna, ZPH, Dept. of. Environmental Health, AustriaNicole Probst‐HenschSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003, Basel, SwitzerlandLoïc RambaudDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint-Maurice, FranceElke Rauscher‐GabernigAustrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Department Risk assessment, Spargelfeldstraße 191, 1220, Wien, AustriaKatarína RausováSlovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Limbová 12, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovak RepublicSylvie RémyVITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, BelgiumMargaux RiouDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint-Maurice, FranceValentina RosolenInstitute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, ItalyChristophe RousselleFrench Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Anses, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, FranceMaria RütherGerman Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Dessau-Roßlau, GermanyDenis SarigiannisEnvironmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th km, Thessaloniki, Thermi Road, 57001, Greece; Environmental Health Engineering, Institute of Advanced Study, Palazzo del Broletto, Piazza Della Vittoria 15, 27100, Pavia, ItalyMaria João SilvaDepartment of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge and Centre of Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalZdenka ŠlejkovecJožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, SloveniaJanja Snoj TratnikJožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, SloveniaAnja StajnkoJožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, SloveniaTamás SzigetiNational Public Health Center, Budapest, HungaryJosé TarazonaEuropean Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Methodology and Scientific Support Unit, Via Carlo Magno 1/A, 43126, Parma, ItalyCathrine ThomsenNorwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Food Safety, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, NorwayŽiga TkalecJožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, SloveniaHanna TolonenFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, FinlandT. TrnovecSlovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Limbová 12, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovak RepublicMaria UhlEnvironment Agency Austria, 1090, Vienna, AustriaAn Van NieuwenhuyseDepartment of Health Protection, Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), 1 rue Louis Rech, 3555, Dudelange, LuxembourgElsa VascoFood and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, PortugalVeerle J. VerheyenVITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, BelgiumSusana ViegasEscola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa (ESTeSL), Lisbon, PortugalAnne Marie VinggaardNational Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DenmarkNina VogelGerman Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Dessau-Roßlau, GermanyKatrin VorkampAarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, DenmarkWojciech WąsowiczNofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), Lodz, PolandTill WeberGerman Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
2023en
ABI
Abstract
As one of the core elements of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) a human biomonitoring (HBM) survey was conducted in 23 countries to generate EU-wide comparable HBM data. This survey has built on existing HBM capacity in Europe by aligning national or regional HBM studies, referred to as the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. The HBM4EU Aligned Studies included a total of 10,795 participants of three age groups: (i) 3,576 children aged 6-12 years, (ii) 3,117 teenagers aged 12-18 years and (iii) 4,102 young adults aged 20-39 years. The participants were recruited between 2014 and 2021 in 11-12 countries per age group, geographically distributed across Europe. Depending on the age group, internal exposure to phthalates and the substitute DINCH, halogenated and organophosphorus flame retardants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), cadmium, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic species, acrylamide, mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol (total DON)), benzophenones and selected pesticides was assessed by measuring substance specific biomarkers subjected to stringent quality control programs for chemical analysis. For substance groups analyzed in different age groups higher average exposure levels were observed in the youngest age group, i.e., phthalates/DINCH in children versus teenagers, acrylamide and pesticides in children versus adults, benzophenones in teenagers versus adults. Many biomarkers in teenagers and adults varied significantly according to educational attainment, with higher exposure levels of bisphenols, phthalates, benzophenones, PAHs and acrylamide in participants (from households) with lower educational attainment, while teenagers from households with higher educational attainment have higher exposure levels for PFASs and arsenic. In children, a social gradient was only observed for the non-specific pyrethroid metabolite 3-PBA and di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP), with higher levels in children from households with higher educational attainment. Geographical variations were seen for all exposure biomarkers. For 15 biomarkers, the available health-based HBM guidance values were exceeded with highest exceedance rates for toxicologically relevant arsenic in teenagers (40%), 3-PBA in children (36%), and between 11 and 14% for total DON, Σ (PFOA + PFNA + PFHxS + PFOS), bisphenol S and cadmium. The infrastructure and harmonized approach succeeded in obtaining comparable European wide internal exposure data for a prioritized set of 11 chemical groups. These data serve as a reference for comparison at the global level, provide a baseline to compare the efficacy of the European Commission's chemical strategy for sustainability and will give leverage to national policy makers for the implementation of targeted measures.
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Citations and references
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