An Eco-Friendly Means of Biosynthesis of Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles via Marine Polymer
Abstract
A facile, environmental friendly green approach was introduced in this study, which superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> -NPs) have been satisfactorily synthesized. Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii (K. alvarezii) extract was employed in this synthesis process, which played a role as bio-stabilizer. The structure and morphology of the synthesized K. alvarezii/Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> NPs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope. The spherical shape of K. alvarezii/Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> NPs with an average size of 19.4 nm showed high crystallinity and purity based on the characteristic XRD planes at (220), (311), (400), (422), (511), (440), and (533). The presence of Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> -NPs was identified by Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The magnetic properties of K. alvarezii/Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> -NPs were studied using vibrating sample magnetometer, which gave a result of 24.85 emu/g. The K. alvarezii/Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> -NPs were very stable, where zeta potential value showed -53.57 mV.