Simulation of the Oxytactic Microorganisms and Thermo Bioconvection in Darcy-Forchheimer Flow of Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid Through an Inclined Rotating Disk
Abstract
This study investigates the thermo-bioconvection dynamics and the behavior of oxytactic microorganisms in the mixed convection Darcy-Forchheimer flow of a magnetized ternary hybrid nanofluid over an inclined rotating disk. The analysis incorporates slip flow, thermal radiation, and the Cattaneo-Christov flux model to enhance the understanding of heat and mass transfer mechanisms. Unlike conventional Fourier’s and Fick’s laws, the Cattaneo-Christov double-diffusion model incorporates heat and concentration relaxation times, providing a more accurate representation of thermal and mass transport processes. The ternary hybrid nanofluid under consideration consists of cobalt iron oxide (COFe 2 O 4 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles suspended in water as the base fluid. The outcomes of this research hold substantial relevance for a wide range of applications, including the optimization of bioremediation processes, the development of advanced drug delivery systems, improvements in oil recovery techniques, enhanced geothermal energy extraction, refined chemical mixing processes, and innovations in wastewater treatment technologies. The governing equations, transformed into a dimensionless form, are solved numerically using the BVP4C method. The results demonstrate that an increase in the applied magnetic field strength and the velocity slip coefficient collectively leads to a reduction in the radial and tangential velocities of the ternary hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, the Darcy-Forchheimer parameters contribute to the deceleration of both radial and tangential flow in hybrid and tri-hybrid nanofluids. Additionally, an increase in the Lewis number results in a significant reduction in the concentration of oxytactic microorganisms.