Theory of SWAP version 2.0; simulation of water flow, solute transport and plant growth in the soil-water-atmosphere-plant environment

Abstract

SWAP simulates vertical transport of water, solutes and heat in variably saturated, cultivated soils.The program has been developed by DLO Winand Staring Centre and Wageningen Agricultural University, and is designed to simulate transport processes at field scale level and during whole growing seasons.This manual describes the theoretical background and modeling concepts that were used for soil water flow, solute transport, heat flow, vapotranspiration, crop growth, multi-level drainage and interaction between field water balance and surface water management.

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