Article

Analysis of breast milk to assess exposure to chlorinated contaminants in Kazakstan: high levels of 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in agricultural villages of southern Kazakstan.

Kim HooperHazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94707 USAMyrto PetreasHazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94707 USAT ChuvakovaHazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94707 USAGulnara KazbekovaHazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94707 USAN. DruzHazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94707 USAGulnara SeminovaHazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94707 USAT SharmanovHazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94707 USADouglas G. HaywardHazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94707 USAJianwen SheHazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94707 USAPatria VisitaHazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94707 USAJennifer WinklerHazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94707 USAMichael McKinneyHazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94707 USATimothy J. WadeHazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94707 USAJean GrassmanHazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94707 USAR.D. StephensHazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA

1998en

ABI

Abstract

To assess levels of chlorinated contaminants in breast milk, we measured organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in breast milk samples collected in 1994 according to the World Health Organization protocol from 92 donors that were representative of regional populations in southern Kazakstan. High levels (10-120 pg/g fat) of 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic of the PCDD/PCDF congeners, were found in breast milk samples from an agricultural region. TCDD was the major contributor (75%) to the international toxicity equivalents of these samples. The same distinctive PCDD/PCDF congener pattern was found in 15 breast milk samples and 4 serum samples collected in 1996 in a follow-up study, and has now been confirmed by three analytical laboratories.

Identifiers

DOI: 10.1289/ehp.98106797

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