Chemical Manipulation of High-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math>Ferromagnetism in ZnO Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors

We report the use of targeted $p$- and $n$-type chemical perturbations to manipulate high-${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$ ferromagnetism in ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}\ensuremath{\mathbin:}\mathrm{ZnO}$ and ${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}\ensuremath{\mathbin:}\mathrm{ZnO}$ in predictable and reproducible ways. We demonstrate a clear correlation between nitrogen and high-${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$ ferromagnetism for ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}\ensuremath{\mathbin:}\mathrm{ZnO}$ and an inverse correlation for ${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}\ensuremath{\mathbin:}\mathrm{ZnO}$, both as predicted by recent theoretical models. These chemical perturbations reveal rich possibilities for exerting external control over high-${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$ spin ordering in diluted magnetic semiconductors.

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