Bose-Einstein Condensation in Complex Networks
Ginestra BianconiDepartment of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USAAlbert-Ĺaszló BarabásiDepartment of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
2001en
ABI
Abstract
The evolution of many complex systems, including the World Wide Web, business, and citation networks, is encoded in the dynamic web describing the interactions between the system's constituents. Despite their irreversible and nonequilibrium nature these networks follow Bose statistics and can undergo Bose-Einstein condensation. Addressing the dynamical properties of these nonequilibrium systems within the framework of equilibrium quantum gases predicts that the "first-mover-advantage," "fit-get-rich," and "winner-takes-all" phenomena observed in competitive systems are thermodynamically distinct phases of the underlying evolving networks.
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