THE IMPACT OF BONE DENSITY ON OSSEOINTEGRATION OF DENTAL IMPLANTS DURING CLIMACTERIC PERIOD OF WOMEN
Abstract
Background: The success of dental implantology is fundamentally anchored in the quality and quantity of the recipient bone site. In women transitioning through the climacteric period, systemic hormonal shifts—most notably the decline in estrogen—induce a progressive deterioration of bone microarchitecture. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the precise impact of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) on the osseointegration process and the long-term stability of dental implants in menopausal and postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 145 female patients. Bone quality was assessed using Hounsfield Units (HU) derived from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and T-scores from Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). The study tracked primary stability via resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and measured marginal bone loss (MBL) over a 24-month post-loading period. Results: Patients with a T-score below -2.0 demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of early implant failure (12.4%) compared to the control group (2.1%). Furthermore, marginal bone loss was found to be inversely correlated with cortical thickness and trabecular density. In postmenopausal women, horizontal bone resorption was the most prevalent complication. Conclusion: Reduced bone density in climacteric women is a critical systemic risk factor that necessitates a customized surgical approach, including the use of bioactive implant surfaces and extended healing periods, to ensure successful osseointegration.