STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC PATTERNS OF CAUSATIVE VERBS IN FICTION: CROSS-LINGUISTIC EVIDENCE FROM ENGLISH AND UZBEK (A COMPARATIVE LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF CAUSATIVE VERB CONSTRUCTIONS IN "TESS OF THE D'URBERVILLES" BY THOMAS HARDYAND "ME'MOR" BY MIRMUHSIN)
Abstract
The present study investigates structural and semantic patterns of causative verb constructions in English and Uzbek fictional discourse through a comparative linguistic analysis of Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles and Mirmuhsin’s Me’mor. Causative constructions represent a crucial grammatical mechanism for encoding agency, manipulation, control, and interpersonal influence in narrative discourse. In literary texts, they function not only as syntactic structures but also as semantic tools that shape character representation and narrative hierarchy. The study compares analytic causative constructions in English and morphological causative derivation in Uzbek. The findings show that English primarily uses periphrastic causatives, while Uzbek relies on productive verbal affixation. Despite structural differences, both languages employ causativity as a central narrative strategy for expressing power relations and character dynamics.