Hydrodynamics of superfluid systems, with consideration of ponderomotive forces

A complete system of equations is constructed for the hydrodynamics of superfluid systems, with consideration of the effects of polarization of the liquid by electromagnetic fields. It is shown by means of the equations obtained that crossed electric and magnetic fields must cause the appearance of superfluid currents in helium II, the velocity of which is us = (α/Mc)[E×H] (α is the polarizability of the helium atom and M is its mass). If the helium is in a cylindrical container, between the outer (radius R2) and inner (radius R1) walls of which is created a potential difference U, and a magnetic field H is applied parallel to the axis of the cylinder, then these currents correspond to the ground state of the system with the condition that Φ/Φ0 < 1/2. Here the quantum of the current Φ0 = hc/2e, and Φ = 2 π R α UH/2eR. In (R2/R1) is the flow between the cylindrical surfaces, separated from one another by the magnitude of the shift αU/2eR ln(R2/R1) of the electron distribution as a result of polarization.

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