Electrical polarization of superconductors determined by the Bernoulli potential

The macroscopic electrodynamics of superconductors taking into account small corrections proportional to ΔϵF (Δ is the energy gap in the superconductor and ϵF is the Fermi energy), which couple the equations of electro- and magnetostatics for superconductors, is studied. It is shown that a superconductor placed in a stationary magnetic field becomes electrically polarized because of the nonuniform distribution of the superfluid velocity in the Meissner layer, leading to the appearance of a dipolar distribution of electric charge on the surface of the superconductor.

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