<i>N–S</i> boundary resistance determined by “gliding” electrons, and S-shaped current–voltage characteristic

It is shown that in certain physical situations the electrons “gliding” along the N–S boundary are responsible for its significant electrical resistance. In such a case, a transition of a certain part of the sample from the normal to the superconducting state is accompanied by an increase in the total electrical resistance, and the current-voltage characteristic becomes S-shaped. The measurement of the effect makes it possible to determine directly the superconducting gap width, which is important for determining the parameters of high-temperature superconductors.

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