Probability distribution for a Langevin paramagnet

The probability distribution function for the transverse spin component (perpendicular to the constant external magnetic field) is constructed for a Langevin paramagnetic gas in thermodynamic equilibrium. It is shown that the quantum nature of spin affects the temperature-field probability dependence. The obtained asymptotic forms show that the probability distributions for classical spin and quantum spin of large magnitude are quite different. A characteristic function is obtained for determining the mean values of higher-order spin multipoles.

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