Reflection on plant cover of climate change: Decline Anatolian black pines on district between Afsin-Goksun (Kahramanmaras, Turkey)İklim değişikliğinin bitki örtüsüne yansımasına bir örnek: Göksun-Afşin arası (Kahramanmaraş) sahadaki Karaçam kurumaları
Аннотация
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine decline Anatolian black pines [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] on Tuluce hill district between Afsin-Goksun region in Kahramanmaras province. As a result of the Ecological (climate, soil, air pollution) and Biological (insect, fungus, parasite plant etc.) researches; other factors the exception of drought have no priority affection on black pine deaths. As on Turkey, drought conditions have dominated on the region after the year 1994. These changes have been occurred by constantly deaths in community of black pines on the south-facing slope (between the years 2000-2009). Increasing temperature and evaporation, decreasing relative humidity and rainfall-runoff is clearly for the region. In addition, there were not air pollution and infected primer insect-fungus damage. This also strengthens the impact of drought. Identified areas of tree deaths in recent years are generally near the inner regions (the steppe areas). Climate change and drought must be an indication of pushing towards more humid areas of black pine forests which is able to approaching much more onto the steppes of inner Anatolian. Ozet Bu calismada, Kahramanmaras ili Goksun-Afsin ilceleri arasinda kalan Tuluce tepe mevkisindeki Anadolu karacami [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] kurumalarinin sebepleri arastirilmistir. Ekolojik (iklim, toprak, hava kirliligi vd.) ve biyotik (bocek, mantar, parazit bitki vd.) incelemeler sonunda, kuraklik disindaki diger unsurlarin kurumalar uzerinde onemli ve oncelikli bir etkisi gorulmemistir. Turkiye genelinde oldugu gibi, 1994 yili sonrasi bolgede de kurak kosullar egemen olmustur. Bu nedenle (2000–2009 yillari arasi), guney bakili yamacta gruplar halinde karacam kurumalari yasanmistir. Incelenen iklimsel parametrelerden sicaklik ve buharlasmada artma, bagil nem ve yagis-akista azalma belirgindir. Bunun yaninda hava kirliligi ve enfekte olmus primer bocek ve mantar zararlarina rastlanmamis olmasi, kurakligin etkisini guclendirmektedir. Son yillardaki agac kurumalarinin yasandigi sahalar, genel itibariyle step alanlara yakin ic bolgelerde yer almaktadir. Iklim degisikligi ve kuraklasma sureci, Anadolu step sahalarina en fazla sokulabilen, karacam ormanlarini daha nemli alanlara dogru zorladiginin bir gostergesi olmalidir.