Development of methods for the preparation of radiopure <sup>82</sup>Se sources for the SuperNEMO neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment
A. V. RakhimovInstitute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences , Tashkent , 100214 , UzbekistanA. S. BarabashNRC “Kurchatov Institute”, ITEP , 117218 Moscow , RussiaA. Basharina-FreshvilleUniversity College London , London WC1E 6BT , UKSummer BlotUniversity of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UKM. BongrandLAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay , FranceC. BourgeoisLAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay , FranceD. BretonLAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay , FranceR. BreierFaculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics , Comenius University , SK-842 48 Bratislava , SlovakiaE. BirdsallUniversity of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UKV. BrudaninJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) , Dubna , 141980 , Russian FederationHana BurešováNuvia a.s. , Třebĭč , Czech RepublicJ. BustoCPPM, Universite d’Aix Marseille, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-13288 Marseille , FranceS. CalvezLAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay , FranceM. CascellaUniversity College London , London WC1E 6BT , UKC. CernaCENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-33175 Gradignan , FranceJ. P. CesarUniversity of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712 , USAE. ChauveauCENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-33175 Gradignan , FranceA. ChopraUniversity College London , London WC1E 6BT , UKGérard ClaverieCENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-33175 Gradignan , FranceS. De CapuaUniversity of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UKF. DelaléeCENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-33175 Gradignan , FranceD. DuchesneauUniv. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS/IN2P3, LAPP, 74000 Annecy , FranceV. EgorovJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) , Dubna , 141980 , Russian FederationG. EurinLAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay , FranceJ. J. EvansUniversity of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UKL. FajtInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics , Czech Technical University in Prague , CZ-12800 Prague , Czech RepublicD. V. FilosofovJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) , Dubna , 141980 , Russian FederationR. FlackUniversity College London , London WC1E 6BT , UKX. GarridoLAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay , FranceH. GómezLAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay , FranceB. GuillonLPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen , CNRS/IN2P3, F-14050 Caen , FranceP. GuzowskiUniversity of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UKR. HodákInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics , Czech Technical University in Prague , CZ-12800 Prague , Czech RepublicKarol HolýFaculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics , Comenius University , SK-842 48 Bratislava , SlovakiaA. HuberCENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-33175 Gradignan , FranceC. HugonCENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-33175 Gradignan , FranceA. JérémieUniv. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS/IN2P3, LAPP, 74000 Annecy , FranceS. JullianLAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay , FranceD. V. KaraivanovInstitute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE) , 72 Tzarigradsko chaussee, Blvd., BG-1784 Sofia , BulgariaM. KauerUniversity College London , London WC1E 6BT , UKА. А. КлименкоJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) , Dubna , 141980 , Russian FederationO. KochetovJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) , Dubna , 141980 , Russian FederationС. И. КоноваловNRC “Kurchatov Institute”, ITEP , 117218 Moscow , RussiaV. KovalenkoJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) , Dubna , 141980 , Russian FederationK. LangUniversity of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712 , USAY. LemièreLPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen , CNRS/IN2P3, F-14050 Caen , FranceT. Le NobletUniv. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS/IN2P3, LAPP, 74000 Annecy , FranceZ. LiptakUniversity of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712 , USAX. R. LiuUniversity College London , London WC1E 6BT , UKP. LoaizaLAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay , FranceG. LutterCENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-33175 Gradignan , FranceJ. MaalmiLAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay , FranceM. MackoCENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-33175 Gradignan , FranceF. MamedovInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics , Czech Technical University in Prague , CZ-12800 Prague , Czech RepublicCh. MarquetCENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-33175 Gradignan , FranceF. MaugerLPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen , CNRS/IN2P3, F-14050 Caen , FranceA. MinottiUniv. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS/IN2P3, LAPP, 74000 Annecy , FranceA. A. MirsagatovaInstitute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences , Tashkent , 100214 , UzbekistanN.A. MirzayevInstitute of Radiation Problems of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences , AZ1143 B. Vahabzade 9 , Baku , AzerbaijanI. MoreauCENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-33175 Gradignan , FranceB. MorganUniversity of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UKJ. MottUniversity College London , London WC1E 6BT , UKI. B. NemchenokJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) , Dubna , 141980 , Russian FederationM. NomachiOsaka University , 1-1 Machikaney arna Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , JapanF. NovaUniversity of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712 , USAH. OhsumiSaga University , Saga 840-8502 , JapanG. OliviéroLPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen , CNRS/IN2P3, F-14050 Caen , FranceR. B. PahlkaUniversity of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712 , USAJ. R. PaterUniversity of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UKVeronika PalušováFaculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics , Comenius University , SK-842 48 Bratislava , SlovakiaF. PerrotCENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-33175 Gradignan , FranceF. PiquemalCENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-33175 Gradignan , FrancePavel P. PovinecFaculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics , Comenius University , SK-842 48 Bratislava , SlovakiaP. PřidalInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics , Czech Technical University in Prague , CZ-12800 Prague , Czech RepublicY. A. RamachersUniversity of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UKAbdel RebiiCENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-33175 Gradignan , FranceA. RemotoUniv. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS/IN2P3, LAPP, 74000 Annecy , FranceB. RichardsUniversity College London , London WC1E 6BT , UKJ. S. RicolCENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-33175 Gradignan , FranceE. RukhadzeFaculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics , Comenius University , SK-842 48 Bratislava , SlovakiaN. I. RukhadzeJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) , Dubna , 141980 , Russian FederationR. SaakyanUniversity College London , London WC1E 6BT , UKI. I. SadikovInstitute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences , Tashkent , 100214 , UzbekistanR. SalazarUniversity of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712 , USAX. SarazinLAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay , FranceJ.K. SedgbeerImperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , UKYu. ShitovJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) , Dubna , 141980 , Russian FederationF. ŠimkovicFaculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics , Comenius University , SK-842 48 Bratislava , SlovakiaL. SimardInstitut Universitaire de France , F-75005 Paris , FranceAdam SmetanaInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics , Czech Technical University in Prague , CZ-12800 Prague , Czech RepublicK. SmolekInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics , Czech Technical University in Prague , CZ-12800 Prague , Czech RepublicA. SmolnikovJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) , Dubna , 141980 , Russian FederationS. W. SnowUniversity of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UKS. Söldner‐RemboldUniversity of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UKB. SouléCENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3 , F-33175 Gradignan , FranceM. ŠpavorováInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics , Czech Technical University in Prague , CZ-12800 Prague , Czech RepublicI. ŠteklInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics , Czech Technical University in Prague , CZ-12800 Prague , Czech RepublicF. A. TashimovaInstitute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences , Tashkent , 100214 , UzbekistanJ. ThomasUniversity College London , London WC1E 6BT , UKV. TimkinJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) , Dubna , 141980 , Russian Federation
ABI
Аннотация
Abstract A radiochemical method for producing 82 Se sources with an ultra-low level of contamination of natural radionuclides ( 40 K, decay products of 232 Th and 238 U) has been developed based on cation-exchange chromatographic purification with reverse removal of impurities. It includes chromatographic separation (purification), reduction, conditioning (which includes decantation, centrifugation, washing, grinding, and drying), and 82 Se foil production. The conditioning stage, during which highly dispersed elemental selenium is obtained by the reduction of purified selenious acid (H 2 SeO 3 ) with sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) represents the crucial step in the preparation of radiopure 82 Se samples. The natural selenium (600 g) was first produced in this procedure in order to refine the method. The technique developed was then used to produce 2.5 kg of radiopure enriched selenium ( 82 Se). The produced 82 Se samples were wrapped in polyethylene (12 μm thick) and radionuclides present in the sample were analyzed with the BiPo-3 detector. The radiopurity of the plastic materials (chromatographic column material and polypropylene chemical vessels), which were used at all stages, was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The radiopurity of the 82 Se foils was checked by measurements with the BiPo-3 spectrometer, which confirmed the high purity of the final product. The measured contamination level for 208 Tl was 8–54 μBq/kg, and for 214 Bi the detection limit of 600 μBq/kg has been reached.
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