Cytokines - interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) as prognostic markers of HIV-associated dementia

Introduction. Cytokines play an important role in the control of immune homeostasis in HIV infection. Cytokines – the interleukins IL-2 and IL-10 act as neuromodulators and are key factors in mediating behavioral and neurochemical changes in HIV infection. Cytokine – interleukin IL-10 not only suppresses the production of INFγ by T-lymphocytes but also inhibits the proliferative response of T-cells to antigens. A change in the secretion of IL-2 is always manifested with a simultaneous decrease in the total content of T-lymphocytes – T-cells thereby showing its important role in protecting the body against infection by acting on activated T-cells. This cytokine production naturally contributes to the pathogenesis of neurocognitive disorders in HIV infection, disrupting cellular immunity. Possessing a wide spectrum of biological activity, they determine not only the adequate level of the immune response, but also regulate the interactions of the main integrative systems of the body – the nervous and immune. Therefore, dysregulation of these cytokines, characterized by an increase or decrease in their production, suggests that these cytokines may be of interest as non-invasive biomarkers of HIV dementia.

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