MODERN METHODS OF DIAGNOSTICS INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASES

Interstitial lung disease is a large group of diseases of various etiologies characterized by inflammatory lesions of the walls of the alveoli (alveolitis) and the surrounding interstitial tissue. Currently, this group includes more than 130 diseases; however, interstitial lung diseases do not include infectious lung diseases of known etiology and malignant tumors (eg, lymphogenous carcinomatosis), which may cause similar clinical symptoms [1]. One of the first to describe the unusual symptomatology of a pulmonary disease in a farmer working with moldy hay was J.M. Cambell in 1932. Active study of this pathology began in the 60s of the 20th century. As a result of microbiological and immunological studies of moldy hay extracts, it was found that the "farmer's lung" disease [8,9]. and fibrous clusters, in which proliferating fibroblasts are located and a pathological collagen matrix is formed. Currently, there is no understanding of the mechanisms that lead to the formation of individual clinical units of IIP. Not always an accurate diagnosis of the disease can determine the prognosis. The article presents various diagnostic features of IIP according to the accepted ATS/ERS classification, 2002, as amended in 2013 [2].

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