THE ROLE OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES DURING COVID-19 IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ENT DISEASE
Аннотация
<strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate the serum levels of regulatory cytokines in ENT patients hospitalized with moderate and severe COVID-19. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>84 patients with confirmed coronavirus infection were taken under observation. Among them, 16 (19.04%) patients had a mild course, 44 (52.4%) patients had an average course, and 24 (28.6%) patients had a severe course. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was established based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR in swabs taken from the nasopharynx and oropharynx. Serum levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IFNα, and IFNγ) were measured by IFA using kits from Vector Best OJSC (Novosibirsk, Russia). <strong>Results: </strong>showed that the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and anti- inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines are dramatically increased in patients with ENT diseases against the background of COVID-19. Also, high levels are more common in severe COVID-19. Interferons in COVID-19 have multidirectional synthesis: IFNα decreases and IFNγ increases. <strong>Conclusions. </strong>The state of immunodeficiency of COVID-19, which develops due to lymphopenia in patients with ENT diseases, is the main pathogenetic mechanism of the "cytokine storm" syndrome when the synthesis of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β and IL-6) is increased. and pro-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines. In addition, the maximum value of these cytokines was recorded in patients with severe COVID-19. The synthesis of type I and II interferons against the background of COVID-19 in patients with ENT diseases changed depending on the severity of the disease. In moderately severe patients, the level of IFNα decreased by 1.4 times, and in severe patients by 1.9 times. However, the level of IFNg was 2 times higher in moderate patients than in controls, and 2.3 times higher in severe patients.