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Debate: differences and similarities between tension-type headache and migraine

Dilara OnanSpine Health Unit, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, TurkeySamaira YounisDanish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, DenmarkWilliam Wells-GatnikDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, ItalyFatemeh FarhamDepartment of Headache, Iranian Centre of Neurological Researchers, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSaulius AndruškevičiusCenter of Neurology and Center of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Vilnius University Hospital SantarosKlinikos, Vilnius, LithuaniaА. А. АбашидзеDepartment of Neuroscience, Caucasus Medical Centre, Tbilisi, GeorgiaAsel JusupovaDepartment of Neurology and Clinical Genetics, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, KyrgyzstanYuriy RomanenkoOxana GrosuMeerimgul Zamirbekovna MoldokulovaI.K.Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, KyrgyzstanUlkar MursalovaSaida SaidkhodjaevaDepartment of Neurology, Child Neurology and Medical Genetics, Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Tashkent, UzbekistanPaolo MartellettiDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, ItalySait AshinaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. [email protected]
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edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Migraine is identified by specific features such as being more prevalent in females, being aggravated by physical activity, certain genetic factors, having photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, vomiting, or aura, and responding to specific drugs. Nonetheless, TTH and migraine share some common characteristics, such as onset occurring in the 20 s, and being triggered by psychological factors like stress, moderate pain severity, and mild nausea in chronic TTH. Both conditions involve the trigeminovascular system in their pathophysiology. However, distinguishing between TTH and migraine in clinical practice, research, and epidemiological studies can be challenging, as there is a lack of specific diagnostic tests and biomarkers. Moreover, both conditions may coexist, further complicating the diagnostic process. This review aims to explore the similarities and differences in the pathophysiology, epidemiology, burden and disability, comorbidities, and responses to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of TTH and migraine. The review also discusses future research directions to address the diagnostic challenges and improve the understanding and management of these conditions.

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