Biochemical, laboratory and instrumental diagnostic indicators of early diagnosis of women with gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a type of diabetes that can develop during pregnancy in women who don't have diabetes. We studied the concentration of homocysteine in the blood in two study groups - 36 healthy pregnant women and 68 pregnant women with GDM. The study included biochemical (homocysteine, glucose, creatinine, glycated hemoglobin), hormonal (leptin, C-peptide, 25 (OH) D, and methods of correlation and statistical research. According to the analysis of blood in the case histories of patients in groups, anemia was observed in an average of 61.45 % of patients. Homocysteine is a biomarker that controls the action of folic acid in the body in pregnant women, the reference values of which are in the range of 5.6–16.42 μmol/l, while in healthy women this diagnostic indicator averages 12.98 ± 0.31. The mean homocysteine value in pregnant women with GDM was 42.87 ± 2.26 μmol/l ( P ≤ 0.001). Another specific marker in pregnant women with GDM is the study of cholecalciferol, vitamin 25(OH) D. It was found that the level of significance of the difference between the indicators in the group of pregnant women with GDM and in the control group was almost 2 times less. Based on this finding, in future studies, the predictive value of each of these indices in the occurrence of GDM can be examined. It was also found that such indices differ significantly in patients with GDM compared to the control group, although further studies in the broader population are needed to confirm this. According to the analysis of blood in the case histories of patients in groups, anemia was observed in an average of 61.45 % of patients. Homocysteine is a biomarker that controls the action of folic acid in the body in pregnant women, the reference values of which are in the range of 5.6–16.42 μmol/l, while in healthy women this diagnostic indicator averages 12.98 ± 0.31. The mean homocysteine value in pregnant women with GDM was 42.87 ± 2.26 μmol/l ( P ≤ 0.001). Another specific marker in pregnant women with GDM is the study of cholecalciferol, vitamin 25(OH) D. It was found that the level of significance of the difference between the indicators in the group of pregnant women with GDM and in the control group was almost 2 times less. Based on this finding, in future studies, the predictive value of each of these indices in the occurrence of GDM can be examined. • This review offers a detailed overview of current evidence on biomarkers and their potential to forecast the onset of GDM. • This review aids early detection and serves as predictors for maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes in women with GDM. • The complexity of pathways in GDM pathogenesis calls for a multi-marker approach to enhance risk stratification and management.

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