Spatiotemporal Patterns of Urban Water Sustainability in the Yellow River Basin Based on SDG 6

This study adopts the framework of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) to develop a localized indicator system tailored to regional conditions, aiming to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of urban water sustainability in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) from 2012 to 2022. Systematic evaluation was conducted using the coefficient of variation, global spatial autocorrelation, and hotspot analysis to identify regional disparities and development trends. The results reveal that the overall SDG 6 performance exhibited a slow upward trend but notable lagging performance in sanitation services (SDG 6.2) and the protection of water-related ecosystems (SDG 6.6). A pronounced northwest–southeast disparity is evident in the SDG 6 scores of the YRB, with the midstream region displaying substantial fluctuations. The cold and hotspot analyses indicate limited diffusion of advantages from leading areas and slow progress in lagging regions. This study can provide a scientific basis for improving water resource management efficiency at the city scale, optimizing regional sustainable development strategies, and offers empirical insights for advancing microscale SDG 6 assessments in other river basins.

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