Sorption–spectrophotometric determination of lead and zinc ions in agroecosystem samples using immobilised sulfarsazen

A novel sorption–spectrophotometric method was developed for the quantitative determination of Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions using the azo dye sulfarsazen immobilised on polymeric fibrous carriers PPA-1 and SMA-1. Compared to traditional solution-based approaches, the immobilised system demonstrated high stability, reusability, and enhanced sorption efficiency (up to 98%) in slightly alkaline media. Complex formation was confirmed by characteristic bathochromic shifts in the 520–580 nm range. Analytical parameters were optimised, providing excellent linearity (R² = 0.9994), high analytical sensitivity (0.0016 µg/mL for Pb²⁺ and 0.002 µg/mL for Zn²⁺), and rapid analysis time (≤5 min). Accuracy and reproducibility were validated against X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption spectrometry. The method was successfully applied to industrial wastewater from the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Plant and to seasonal monitoring of irrigation agroecosystems in the Syrdarya region. High recovery rates (up to 91.4%) and robustness in complex matrices were demonstrated. By combining sensitivity, operational simplicity, and field applicability, the proposed approach offers a novel and practical tool for environmental monitoring of toxic metals, with direct implications for ecological risk assessment and agricultural water management.

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