Menopause, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and dental implantation: the role of menopausal hormone therapy
Аннотация
Here, we summarize current evidence on the impact of postmenopausal osteoporosis, menopause-related hormonal changes, and hormone therapy on dental implant outcomes. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of bone alterations are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the role of estrogen, progesterone, calcitonin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) deficiency. Special attention is paid to the effects of menopausal hormone therapy and bioidentical forms of estradiol and progesterone on osteoporosis course and the effectiveness of dental implantation. The analysis highlights the risks of implant loss and the opportunities of interdisciplinary approach in dentistry and endocrinology to optimize implant osseointegration in postmenopausal women.