Epidemiological analysis of gastric cancer in Uzbekistan.

e13673 Background: Gastric cancer (GC) represents a significant public health concern, ranking among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally and in Uzbekistan. Its prevalence places it among the top three types of cancer in terms of both incidence and mortality, making it a critical area of research and intervention. Therefore, the review of the epidemiological status of ПС in Uzbekistan for 2020-2023 is relevant. Methods: Statistical data on GC were analyzed using the official state reports (form №7) from the oncology service for the years 2020–2023, titled "Data on Malignant Neoplasm Diseases." Results: Throughout the four-year period under review, GC consistently held the position of first among cancers affecting men in terms of incidence, while ranking fifth among cancers affecting women in Uzbekistan. With an incidence rate of 5.3 cases per 100,000 individuals, it was positioned among the top three cancers after breast and colorectal cancers. During the reporting period, a decline in the incidence of GC has been observed among the elderly population, accounting for 14% in 2020, 10,2% in 2021, 10,2%-2022 and 10% -2023 of all cancer cases was the leader in this group. The percentage of advanced-stage GC cases has been a decreased in Uzbekistan in 2020 -31,1%, 2021-29,8%, 2022-26,9%, 2023-26,8%. During the reporting period, mortality rates remained relatively stable, ranging from 3.8 to 4.0 deaths per 100,000 population annually (2020: 3.8, 2021: 4.0, 2022: 3.9, 2023: 3.8). As of 2023, one in ten cancer-related deaths was due to GC, firmly placing it second after breast cancer in mortality rankings. Another factor emphasizing the importance of this pathology is the low rate of early detection. During the four-year reporting period, in average only 30% of cases were diagnosed at stages I–II, compared to 44% in average diagnosed at stage III. This late detection contributes to high mortality, with up to 4 deaths per 100,000 population and one-year mortality rates reaching 28% among newly registered patients. In more developed urban areas, the five-year survival rate exceeds 37%, while the national average remains around 30%. According to statistics during the reporting period, in average only 31.5% of patients completing specialized treatment in Uzbekistan received combined therapy, even thogh this number tending to increase it is not an encouraging result. Conclusions: GC presents a major public health challenge in Uzbekistan due to its high incidence, late diagnosis, and limited access to combined treatment, provided to only 31.5% of patients. Early detection remains a critical issue, with only 30% of cases identified at stages I–II, resulting in an average survival rate of 30%. Enhancing screening programs, diagnostic infrastructure, and treatment accessibility is crucial to reducing the burden of GC and improving patient outcomes.

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