Effect of surface roughness on pumping characteristics in solar lasers

We studied the impact of laser rod surface roughness on pumping characteristics in the context of solar lasers. We propose a new approach for modeling light reflectance and transmission from rough surfaces using normal (Gaussian) distributions. We analyzed three modeling methodologies: one representing laser rod surfaces as specular (fully polished), another as diffusive (unpolished), and a third incorporating varying degrees of roughness parameterized by the standard deviation of the normal distribution. To validate these models, an experiment was conducted measuring the transmitted laser radiation from a Ce:Nd:YAG rod. Results indicate that specular models overestimate pumping efficiency by up to 3%, while diffusive models might underestimate it by up to 3.5%. Our work emphasizes the importance of incorporating realistic surface roughness characteristics for accurate modeling of pumping efficiency in solar-pumped.

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