THE RELEVANCE OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN PEDIATRICS: RISK FACTORS FOR BRONCHO-OBSTRUCTIVE SYNDROME

Relevance. Respiratory diseases remain one of the most pressing problems in pediatrics, and in the Republic of Uzbekistan they occupy the first place in the structure of morbidity and mortality in children. Purpose of the study. Assessment of risk factors contributing to the development of broncho-obstructive syndrome in children. Methods and materials. A retrospective analysis of the case histories of 912 children aged 1 to 3 years hospitalized with BOS in the pediatric intensive care unit of the Samarkand branch of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care in the period from 2022 to 2024 was carried out. Results and discussion. In the group of children with BOS associated with AOB, boys significantly predominated - 325 cases (65.8%) compared to 169 girls (34.2%). In contrast, in the second group of children with OB, the gender distribution was more balanced - 215 boys (51.4%) and 203 girls (48.6%), indicating no significant difference in gender prevalence. This study presents a retrospective analysis of 912 cases of children aged 1 to 3 years with a history of broncho-obstructive syndrome (BOS) for the period from 2022 to 2024. Of these, 494 children (54.2%) developed BOS against the background of acute obstructive bronchitis (group 1), and 418 children (45.8%) were diagnosed with acute bronchitis without signs of bronchial obstruction. Conclusions. Key risk factors for BOS in children included perinatal encephalopathy, early transition to artificial feeding, frequent acute respiratory infections, family history of allergy, protein-energy malnutrition, rickets and anemia.

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