Performance Comparison of East-West Bifacial and South-Facing PV Panels Using Mathematical Modeling under Uzbekistan’s Climatic

This study presents a comparative analysis of vertically oriented East–West (E–W) bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules and South-facing stationary PV modules under the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan. A mathematical model was developed based on solar geometry, extraterrestrial radiation, atmospheric attenuation (Kasten-Young air mass model and Beer-Lambert law), and surface albedo effects. The model was validated through daily and annual integration of solar irradiance using a 10-minute time step. Simulation results showed that the E-W bifacial configuration achieved up to 1770.5 kWh/year, which is 2-3 times higher than South-facing panels, even at their optimal tilt (≈30°). Albedo had a strong positive effect on E-W modules, increasing output by up to 20%, while South-oriented modules showed only a marginal gain (≈3-4%). Atmospheric attenuation reduced overall generation, but E-W modules consistently outperformed South-oriented ones across all scenarios. Daily power profiles demonstrated that E-W panels provide a distinct two-peak generation pattern (morning and evening), which better matches typical residential and agricultural load demand patterns, while South-oriented panels concentrate output around midday. These findings indicate that E-W bifacial PV systems are more suitable for applications requiring balanced daily generation and better land-use efficiency, such as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), facades, and greenhouses, whereas South-facing arrays remain a cost-effective option for conventional rooftop installations.

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