Metrological research and theoretical foundations for improving the quality of nondestructive testing calibration

Ensuring the reliability of refractometer calibration has become particularly important due to the increasing use of measuring instruments, optical methods, sensors, and non-destructive testing methods across various industries. This work proposes a new method aimed at enhancing the reliability and reproducibility of metrological characteristics during the calibration of optical material refractometers. The method is based on a theoretical model that accounts for the influence of external factors, the drift of measuring equipment, and the metrological traceability of calibration instruments to national standards. Calibration is performed using reference measurement standards with confirmed traceability, ensuring compliance with established metrological requirements. The method includes a standardized procedure for identifying and compensating for systematic deviations through a series of controlled repeated measurements. The approach is based on limiting discrepancies between repeated measurement results by establishing an accuracy threshold for optical methods and sensors. Implementation of this method has reduced calibration uncertainty by approximately 30% compared to traditional procedures, while also improving the reproducibility of results under long-term operating conditions. Special attention is given to the role of metrological hierarchy in organizing calibration laboratories that work with optical methods and sensors. The theoretical principles presented in this work can be used for further development and standardization of calibration procedures for refractometers, optical methods, and sensors, particularly in the context of metrological support for photonic and optical materials, as well as sensor systems.

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