IMMUNOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

This article highlights the major alterations that occur in the body’s immune system in chronic renal failure, their pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical consequences, and therapeutic approaches. In chronic renal failure, the accumulation of uremic toxins, metabolic disturbances, and the dialysis process itself lead to significant dysfunctions of both the innate and adaptive branches of immunity. This immunological impairment manifests as an increased incidence of infections, the development of a chronic inflammatory state, accelerated progression of atherosclerosis, and a reduced immune response to vaccines. The present article provides a systematic analysis of immune system changes in chronic renal failure and describes strategies for their correction based on current scientific data.

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