The Concept of Clustering and Its Role in the Economic Development of the State

The article examines the essence of clustering as a strategic mechanism for the development of the modern economy and for strengthening national competitiveness. The definition of the term “cluster” is clarified, and the theoretical foundations of its formation are presented, including the contributions of A. Marshall and M. Porter to the evolution of the conceptual framework. A historical review of cluster development is conducted, ranging from industrial agglomerations of the nineteenth century to the emergence of high-technology clusters in the United States, the European Union, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and China. Special attention is given to the role of clusters in the structural transformation of national economies, the development of export potential, the enhancement of innovation activity, the digitalization of production processes, and the consolidation of technological sovereignty. The study demonstrates that clustering increases productivity, supports the formation of a highly skilled labor force, and facilitates the integration of countries into global value chains. It concludes that the cluster approach represents a sustainable and reproducible instrument of long-term economic development that remains highly relevant amid global competition and ongoing digital transformation.

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