Exploring the Role of Resistance Training on Glycemic Control and Pregnancy Outcomes among Females with Gestational Diabetes: A Scoping Review

Abstract Gestational hyperglycemia and poor glycemic control during pregnancy are associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, including premature birth. Resistance training (RT) is increasingly recognized for its role in managing blood glucose levels and improving metabolic function. However, its influence on pregnancy outcomes remains underexplored. The present scoping review aimed to map and summarizes existing evidence on the effects of RT on glycemic control, and key pregnancy outcomes such as premature birth. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases for studies published from January 2000 to March 2025. Studies were included if they involved RT interventions during pregnancy and reported on glycemic control, blood sugar levels, or birth outcomes. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a total of seven studies were included after screening 412 records. Total seven studies were included with a combined sample of 385 pregnant women with mean age of 31.35 ± 4.72 years, primarily in the second and third trimesters. RT interventions ranged from 6 to 12 weeks in duration. Studies reported significant improvements in fasting blood glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Some studies suggested a trend toward lower rates of premature birth and macrosomia in the intervention groups. No serious adverse events were reported. Preliminary evidence indicates that RT may contribute positively to glycemic regulation and reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including premature birth. Further randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols are warranted to confirm these findings.

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