Analysis of materials on the growth and development of spruce and fir stands at sites of constant monitoring in the Khabarovsk Territory
Аннотация
Background. The development of spruce and fir plantations has led to a significant reduction in the area of forests, especially in the Khabarovsk Territory. Until the 1990s, continuous logging absolutely prevailed in spruce and fir forests. The total area of spruce-fir forests in the Far East is 13.1 million hectares with a total wood reserve of 2109.8 million m3. The largest areas of spruce-fir forests are in the Khabarovsk Territory (7430.5 thousand hectares). Analyzing the data on the Far Eastern Federal District, a negative trend has been noted in changes in area and reserves in spruce-fir forests since the period 1983-1998. In the Khabarovsk Territory and the Jewish Autonomous Region in this group, the loss of spruce and fir forests amounted to 8.4 %. The phenomenon of shrinking spruce forests continues to be observed in the Far Eastern region, which also affects the negative dynamics of dark coniferous forests. Purpose. Assessment and analysis of the impact of logging on the restoration of the spruce-fir formation in the Khabarovsk Territory. Materials and methods. The object of research is the spruce-fir forests of the Khabarovsk Territory. Surveys of forest areas of spruce and fir stands in the Khekhtsir forestry of the Khabarovsk Territory (PP 10-1966; PP 9-1983) were conducted. The research methodology includes generally accepted forestry methods for studying stands. The standard size of the trial area is 0.25 ha, depending on the density of the plantation, the area ranged from 0.10 to 1.0 ha. During field surveys, a continuous tree count was carried out along 4-centimeter thick steps. According to the calculation data, the density or number of trees per 1 hectare (N, pcs/ha) and the sum of the cross-sectional areas of trees (G, m2) were determined. The heights of the trees were measured using an altimeter and an eclymeter. The average height of the stand (Nsr.) was determined, as well as the average diameter of the stand, by the weighted average value. The height category was determined by the average diameter and height. When processing the research data, the average diameter, average height of tree species, wood stock, absolute fullness, and density were calculated in the MS Excel program. Results. The materials of surveys of forest plots (N 10-1966; N 9-1983) of spruce and fir plantations in the Khabarovsk Territory are presented. The processing of permanent sample area data shows the effectiveness of selective logging on steep slopes. Conclusion. The forest areas of spruce and fir plantations in the Khekhtsir forestry of the Khabarovsk Territory were surveyed. The data from the audit of permanent trial areas has been processed. The materials of growth of mixed spruce-fir stands on permanent test areas are analyzed. Intensive growth of fine-grained spruce and fir trees was also noted after selective logging. The preservation of the tier of interacting trees and the forest environment is the main principle when choosing the technique and technology of logging in forests of different ages. The study of data from permanent test areas shows the effectiveness of selective logging on steep slopes.