SYNTHESIS OF SULFATE-RESISTANT CEMENT THROUGH "GREEN" TECHNOLOGY USING KARAKALPAKSTAN RAW MATERIALS

This study investigates the synthesis and performance of sulfate-resistant Portland cement (SRC) clinker using local mineral resources from the Karakalpakstan region, emphasizing its technological, economic, and environmental importance. The raw mix—comprising limestone, barxan sand, kaolin, and iron-rich by-products—yielded a clinker with balanced oxide composition (LSF = 0.82, SR = 2.15, AR = 0.94). XRD analysis identified dominant alite (C₃S ≈ 38.6%) and belite (C₂S ≈ 41.0%) phases that ensure high mechanical strength, while the low tricalcium aluminate content (C₃A < 5%) and ferrite (C₄AF ≈ 16.2%) improved sulfate resistance and phase stability. Sulfate resistance tests (ASTM C1012/C1012M) confirmed that SRC cement showed the lowest expansion under 5% Na₂SO₄ exposure, indicating superior durability compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and blended variants. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of local raw materials in producing high-quality SRC clinker suitable for the sulfate-rich conditions of the Aral Sea basin. Economically, the use of regional resources reduces production costs and reliance on imports, strengthening the competitiveness of the local cement industry. Environmentally, SRC’s longer service life and utilization of industrial by-products align with green and circular economy principles, reducing waste and promoting sustainable development.

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