A Review on <i>Aspergillosis</i> in Turkey: As a Main Fungal Disease in Poultry

BACKGROUND: Aspergillosis, a fungal disease caused by various species of the genus Aspergillus, poses a significant threat to the health and productivity of turkeys. OBJECTIVE: The current review aims to synthesize current knowledge regarding the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and management strategies associated with aspergillosis in turkeys. METHODS: A simple narrative literature review was conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases to identify relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals. The review focused on the pathogenesis of aspergillosis in turkeys, clinical manifestations, diagnostic techniques and therapeutic strategies. RESULTS: Aspergillosis typically results from environmental exposure to spores, particularly in settings with poor ventilation and high temperature and humidity, leading to respiratory distress and systemic disease. Clinical signs can vary widely, ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to severe systemic illness, which complicates diagnosis due to overlap with other respiratory diseases. Diagnostic approaches include clinical evaluation, necropsy findings and laboratory tests such as fungal culture and molecular techniques. Effective management requires a multifaceted strategy that encompasses improved biosecurity measures, environmental control and appropriate treatment protocols. CONCLUSION: Understanding the epidemiology and impact of aspergillosis is crucial for developing effective preventive strategies and mitigating its economic consequences in turkey production. This review underscores the need for continued research to enhance diagnostic capabilities and therapeutic options, ultimately contributing to better health outcomes in turkey populations.

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