CURRENT ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF PEDIATRIC HYDRONEPHROSIS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Pediatric hydronephrosis, the most common prenatal urologic abnormality, results from the distension of the renal pelvis and calyces due to obstructed urine flow. Its causes range from congenital ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction to acquired conditions, with severity assessed through grading systems like the Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) and Urinary Tract Dilation (UTD) classifications. While mild cases often resolve spontaneously, severe cases may require surgical interventions such as pyeloplasty, which has high success rates, particularly with advancements like robotic-assisted techniques. Diagnostic innovations, including the integration of urinary biomarkers with ultrasound, have improved the precision of identifying cases requiring intervention. This comprehensive review emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach, combining advanced imaging, personalized treatment strategies, and emerging technologies to optimize outcomes. Ongoing research into novel therapies and minimally invasive methods promises to further enhance the management of this condition and improve long-term renal function in affected children.

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