Theoretical Approaches to The Nature and Conceptual Evolution of Intelligence

This article analyzes the historical and philosophical roots of the concept of intelligence and the stages of its investigation in psychological science. The author examines theoretical approaches ranging from ancient philosophers to modern psychological schools. The article provides a comparative study of fundamental theories regarding the structure of intelligence by scholars such as A. Binet, Ch. Spearman, L. Thurstone, R. Cattell, and J. Guilford. Furthermore, it extensively covers the modern classification of intelligence — the concepts of "hot" and "cold" intelligence, their specific characteristics, and the approaches proposed by John Mayer.

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