METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING 4K COMPETENCIES IN PHYSICS EDUCATION BASED ON PHET, VIRTUAL LABORATORY, AND LMS TOOLS

This thesis analyzes the digital and methodological foundations for developing 4C competencies — creativity, critical thinking, communication, and collaboration — in teaching physics in higher education. It reveals the distinct yet interconnected didactic functions of PhET simulations, virtual laboratories, and LMS platforms. It is shown that the integrated use of these tools within a unified methodological system contributes to modeling physical phenomena, effectively organizing experimental activity, managing independent learning, intensifying scientific communication, and assessing learning outcomes on a competency-based basis. The thesis also proposes a staged methodological model based on examples from mechanics, electricity, molecular physics, and optics, and offers practical recommendations for integrating real and virtual laboratory classes.

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