TRANSMISSION OF NATIONAL AND CULTURAL CODES IN PAREMIAS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHINESE TRANSLATIONS OF THE NOVEL BYGONE DAYS AND MACHINE TRANSLATION OUTPUTS

The article examines the transmission of national and cultural codes in paremias through indirect translation of Abdulla Qadiri’s novel Bygone Days into Chinese via Russian. The study analyzes translations produced by professional translators and machine translation systems (Google Translate, Yandex Translate, ChatGPT 5.2), focusing on translation transformations and the preservation of cultural specifi city in literary discourse.

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