KO’Z KIMYOVIY KUYISHLARINING ZAMONAVIY JIHATLARI

Chemical eye burns remain one of the most severe ophthalmic emergencies, capable of causing irreversible vision loss and disability. The annual incidence reaches approximately 51 cases per million population, predominantly affecting working-age males, with occupational injuries accounting for 45–52% of cases. This review systematizes data from the literature published between 2013 and 2025 on the key aspects of the problem: pathogenesis (differences in injury mechanisms between alkali and acid burns, the role of limbal stem cell deficiency), evolution of classification systems (from Roper-Hall to the Dua classification and the global consensus on LSCD), current approaches to emergency care and medical therapy (including biological agents — autologous serum, platelet-rich plasma, anti-angiogenic agents), surgical rehabilitation (amniotic membrane transplantation, limbal stem cell transplantation, keratoprosthesis), and emerging directions (cell-based therapies, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems). A dedicated section addresses quality of life and psychological consequences: chemical burns are shown to be accompanied by a marked decline in vision-related and overall quality of life, a high prevalence of anxiety-depressive disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The need tointegrate psychological screening into standard patient management protocols is substantiated. Key unresolved challenges are identified: the conduct of large multicenter randomized trials, standardization of treatment protocols, and the development of pharmacological methods to stimulate residual limbal stem cells.

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