Horizontal Gene Transfer in Bacteria

This article explores the mechanisms and biological significance of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria using a conjugation experiment. The experiment was conducted between Escherichia coli F+ (donor, ampicillinresistant) and F– (recipient, tetracycline-resistant) strains. Transconjugants resistant to both antibiotics were obtained, with a transfer frequency of 10⁻⁵– 10⁻⁶. The mechanisms of transformation, transduction, and conjugation, the role of mobile genetic elements, the ecological and agricultural importance of HGT, and the risk of multidrug resistance (MDR) spread are analyzed. The experimental results confirm that HGT enhances bacterial adaptability in real time and is significant for biosafety.

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