Incidence and Risk Factors of Open Fractures in Road Traffic Accident Victims Reporting to the Emergency Department.

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major cause of trauma worldwide, often resulting in severe injuries such as open fractures, which are associated with high morbidity, complications, and healthcare burden. Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factors of open fractures among RTA victims presenting to the emergency department. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted at Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera from January 2025 to January 2026 including 300 patients presenting to the emergency department following road traffic accidents (RTAs). Results: The mean age of participants was 31.6 ± 12.4 years, with 70.7% males. The incidence of open fractures was 30.7%. The tibia/fibula was the most commonly affected site (41.3%). Lack of protective measures (80.4%, p<0.001), motorcycle-related injuries (63.0%, p=0.032), and delayed presentation (71.7%, p=0.002) were significantly associated with open fractures. Multivariable analysis identified absence of protective measures (AOR = 2.85), delayed presentation (AOR = 2.21), motorcycle-related injuries (AOR = 1.92), and male gender (AOR = 1.68) as independent predictors. Conclusion: Open fractures are common among RTA victims and are significantly associated withpreventable risk factors. Strengthening road safety measures, promoting protective equipment use, and improving timely access to emergency care are essential to reduce the burden of these injuries

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