Postoperative Anxiety and Depression: Risk Factors and Recovery Trajectories

This article examines postoperative anxiety and depression, focusing on the primary risk factors contributing to their development and the trajectories of psychological recovery following surgical interventions. The study is based on the analysis of contemporary scientific literature, as well as methods of synthesis, comparison, and generalization. Additionally, clinical observations and patient-reported outcomes are considered as supplementary sources. The analysis indicates that major risk factors include preoperative psychological status, severity of surgical trauma, postoperative pain, neuroendocrine stress response, inadequate social support, and prolonged hospitalization. The findings emphasize the importance of early psychological screening, multidisciplinary care, and structured rehabilitation programs to improve recovery outcomes and patient quality of life.

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