Synonymy and Terminological Variation in Selection and Seed Production Terminology: A Comparative Analysis of German, English, Russian, And Uzbek

This article examines the problem of synonymy and terminological variation in the multilingual terminology of selection and seed production across German, English, Russian, and Uzbek. The study is grounded in an author-developed multilingual glossary corpus, which serves as the primary empirical basis for identifying synonymic rows, lexical doublets, and functionally differentiated terminological variants. The relevance of the research lies in the growing need for terminological precision in agricultural linguistics, multilingual knowledge transfer, and seed certification discourse, where uncontrolled lexical variation may lead to conceptual ambiguity and translation inconsistency. The study integrates theoretical principles from terminology studies, cognitive semantics, and multilingual lexicography to investigate how terminological variants encode different conceptual layers of agronomic knowledge. The analysis reveals that synonymic relations in the field are not instances of accidental lexical duplication but rather represent a conceptually motivated mechanism of scientific knowledge structuring. Based on the glossary evidence, four major models of synonymic relations are identified: frame-dependent partial synonymy, perspective-based synonymy, international-native doublets, and hierarchical taxonomic synonymy. These models are illustrated through multilingual terminological pairs related to seed material, hybrid breeding, pollination, and varietal purity. A major contribution of the article is the development of a three-tier standardization model that distinguishes between preferred dominant terms, admitted functional variants, and restricted peripheral doublets. This model provides practical criteria for multilingual glossary compilation, agricultural translation, terminology teaching, and the standardization of seed certification documents. The findings demonstrate that controlled synonymy can serve as a knowledge-structuring and interoperability-enhancing mechanism, preserving conceptual precision while accommodating discourse-specific variation. The article contributes to the broader field of multilingual terminology management by proposing a corpus-based framework for regulating synonymy in specialized agricultural discourse. The proposed approach is particularly relevant for digital terminology databases, AI-assisted lexicography, and international scientific communication in the rapidly expanding domain of agricultural genetics and seed technology.

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