The Role of Melatonin in Acute Cerebral Circulatory Accidents: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis

Acute cerebral circulatory accidents (stroke) represent a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Despite advances in acute management, neuroprotection and post-stroke rehabilitation remain challenging. Melatonin (MT), a neurohormone regulating circadian rhythms, has emerged as a promising neuroprotective agent due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial-protective properties. This review synthesizes current literature on the relationship between sleep disturbances, circadian disruption, and stroke outcomes, with a specific focus on melatonin’s therapeutic potential. We analyze data from clinical studies, quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) findings, and epidemiological reports. Results indicate that melatonin levels decline with age, coinciding with increased stroke risk, and that exogenous melatonin administration during the acute phase of ischemic stroke may improve neurological recovery, reduce oxidative stress, and normalize sleep architecture. We present averaged-index tables and figures illustrating melatonin’s effects on EEG spectral power, infarct volume, and functional outcomes. This review concludes that melatonin is a safe, accessible adjunct therapy for acute ischemic stroke, though larger randomized controlled trials are needed.

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