Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Proceedings: Ensuring Legality, Validity and Fairness of Court Verdicts in Uzbekistan

This study examines the potential of artificial intelligence technologies to enhance the legality, validity, and fairness of court verdicts in criminal proceedings of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The research analyzes the current legislative framework governing verdict requirements under Article 455 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Uzbekistan, identifies procedural gaps that impede the consistent enforcement of these requirements, and proposes AI-based solutions drawing on the comparative experience of China, Singapore, Canada, and Turkey. The study employs formal-legal, comparative-legal, and system analysis methods to evaluate four specific AI applications: automated court transcription using speech recognition technology, AI-assisted verdict verification for formal compliance with procedural law, comparative sentencing analytics to ensure proportionality across jurisdictions, and structured evidence mapping to support judicial reasoning. The analysis reveals that while Presidential Decree UP-140 of August 21, 2025, establishes the Digital Court concept and mandates automatic real-time protocol formation, the current legal framework lacks explicit procedural guarantees linking these technological innovations to the substantive requirements of legality, validity, and fairness. The study demonstrates that automated transcription directly serves the requirement of validity by creating verifiable records of all evidence examined during trial, that AI-assisted verdict checking supports legality by reducing procedural errors, and that comparative sentencing analytics promotes fairness by ensuring proportionate punishment across similar cases. The research proposes specific amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code, including the addition of reasonableness as a fourth mandatory requirement for verdicts, the establishment of mandatory audio recording as an integral part of the trial protocol in criminal cases, and the creation of a legal framework for AI-assisted judicial support tools that preserve judicial independence while enhancing verdict quality. The findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of how technological guarantees can complement traditional procedural safeguards in ensuring the administration of justice.

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