FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED THE SETTLEMENT PROCESS OF NOMADIC ETHNIC COMMUNITIES OF THE FERGANA VALLEY (END OF THE 19TH - BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURIES)

Abstract: This article analyzes the sedentarization process of pastoralist ethnic communities in the Fergana Valley during the late 19th and early 20th centuries from a historical and ethnographic perspective. The article examines the process by which semi-nomadic tribes — such as the Kipchaks, Turks, Yuz, and Kyrgyz — merged with the sedentary population of the valley under the influence of Tsarist Russia’s colonial policy and economic and natural factors. Drawing on source studies, archival materials, and ethnographic evidence, the article reveals the stages, forms, and ethnic consequences of sedentarization. Keywords: Fergana Valley, pastoralist communities, sedentarization, ethnic processes, Kipchaks, colonialism, 19th–20th centuries, semi-nomadism, economic and cultural traditions.

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