THE QUESTION OF PRINCIPALITIES IN THE PROCESSES OF PARTICIPATION OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN

This article examines the fate of semi-independent principalities (states) in the subcontinent and their geopolitical choices during the division of British India into two independent states in 1947. The study analyzes the freedom of legal choice granted to the rulers of the principalities against the backdrop of the retreat of the British Empire, the conditions for joining the dominions of India and Pakistan, and the diplomatic and military struggles in this process. In particular, the annexation crises of large and strategically important principalities such as Kashmir, Hyderabad, and Junagadh are revealed, along with their long-term systemic impact on the modern South Asian security architecture and the escalation of India-Pakistan relations.

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