"THE ANATOMICAL MIRACLE OF THE KIDNEY: HOW DO NEPHRONS WORK?"

This article is dedicated to highlighting the anatomical and histological structure of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, which is considered the primary filter of the human body. The paper examines the divisions of the kidney (cortex renis, medulla renis), as well as the structural elements of the nephron, including the Malpighian corpuscle, Bowman's capsule, Loop of Henle, and the specific morphological characteristics of the renal tubule system. Furthermore, the anatomical basis of the stepwise mechanism of urine formation (filtration, reabsorption) is analyzed. The research results are aimed at understanding the clinical significance of nephron structure, its associated pathologies (nephrolithiasis, nephrosclerosis, pyelonephritis, chronic renal failure) and its role in maintaining homeostasis.

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